Does Heavy Metal Cause Teen Violence free essay sample

Pile metal has had an awful beat since the beginning of the class onto the music scene. Slipknot, Oozy Osborn, Marilyn Manson, Judas Priest, and Slayer are Just a portion of the easily recognized names on the metal scene to have experienced harsh criticism for as far as anyone knows Inciting self destruction, and now and again murder. Its a fire that the media has been glad to stir, brisk to intimate connections between the ruthless verses and demonstrations of brutality. To cite Twisted Sister front man Dee Snider, Every time a sequential executioner, mass killer, Satanists, or any abhorrent individual in our general public. .. Sasquatches the medias discovered that steal tuned in to overwhelming metal music it has been exploded as the purpose behind why this individual Is doing the things that they do (Dunn). Also, he couldnt be all the more right. As For the situation of Marilyn Manson and the Columbine shootings, the media Is glad to feed the blazes of contention, regardless of whether the proof focuses actually. They feel subverted, even moronic and as such will in general carry on as an approach to pick up affirmation (Flagmen). While Flagmans research delineates youngster tolerance to be at an untouched high exploration done by the FBI from 1 990 through 2007 has indicated that paces of genuine viciousness among adolescents under the age 18 has plunged by 49%, remembering exceptional decreases for homicide (down 66%), assault (down 52%), burglary (down 32%), and genuine ambush (down 28%) (FBI). Moreover, huge scope studies, for example, Monitoring the Future and The American Freshman have discovered understudies today detailing more elevated levels of joy, good faith, administration Interest, and volunteerism and lower paces of smoking drinking, sadness, dropout, and materialism.And if that is insufficient to overwhelm you, the most youthful adolescents indicated the greatest enhancements. So what causes high schooler brutality? Is the media to fault? Is it drugs, metal medical problems, disregard, peer pressure, or even awful evaluations? There may never be an acceptable answer, yet undoubtedly, humanist D onna Gaines had this to state, For youngsters, its a spot to have a place where you can encounter different prospects and rise above regular day to day existence in a great manner Is overwhelming metal a holy observance? For certain individuals, it is.

What Are Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses

What Are Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses A descriptive word condition works precisely like an independent descriptor, to alter a thing. Descriptive clausesâ are subordinate provisos, and for the most part start with a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whomâ or whose) or a relative intensifier (where, when, and why).â There are two fundamental sorts ofâ adjectivalâ clauses: nonrestrictive and prohibitive. Heres a smidgen about how to recognize the two.â Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses A descriptor provision set off from the principle statement by commas is supposed to be nonrestrictive. Heres a model: Old Professor Legree, who dresses like a young person, is experiencing his subsequent adolescence. This who condition is nonrestrictive in light of the fact that the data in the proviso doesnt confine or limit the thing it adjusts ( Old Professor Legree). The commas imply that the descriptive word proviso gives included, not basic, data. Prohibitive Adjective Clauses Then again, a modifier provision that is prohibitive ought not be set off by commas. A more established individual who dresses like a young person is frequently an object of scorn. Here, the descriptive word proviso confines or constrains the importance of the thing it alters ( A more established individual). A prohibitive modifier proviso isn't set off by commas. So to audit, here are the essential principles. A descriptor condition that can be excluded from a sentence without influencing the fundamental significance of the sentence ought to be set off by commas and is nonrestrictive. A descriptive word statement that can't be discarded from a sentence without influencing the fundamental significance of the sentence ought not be set off by commas and is prohibitive Work on Identifying Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses For each sentence beneath, choose if the descriptive word provision (in striking) is prohibitive or nonrestrictive. When youre done, check your answers at the base of the page. Understudies who have small kids are welcome to utilize the free childcare center.I left my child at the grounds childcare focus, which is allowed to all full-time students.John Wayne, who showed up in more than 200 motion pictures, was the greatest film industry fascination of his time.I will not live in any house that Jack built.Merdine, who was conceived in a car some place in Arkansas, develops achy to go home each time she hears the howl of a train whistle.My new running shoes, which cost in excess of a hundred dollars, self-destructed during the marathon.I loaned some cash to Earl, whose house was wrecked in the flood.The thing that dazzles me the most about America is the manner in which guardians comply with their children.A doctor who smokes and gorges has no privilege to condemn the individual propensities for his patients.The brew that put Milwaukee on the map has made a failure out of me. Answers RestrictiveNonrestrictiveNonrestrictiveRestrictiveNonrestrictiveNonrestrictiveNonrestrictiveRestrictiveRestrictiveRestrictive

Review of related literature Essay Example for Free

Audit of related writing Essay This part covers an audit of related writing which is appropriate to the examination. The writing audited here gives three unique however similarly important bits of knowledge on the most proficient method to move toward benefits acknowledgment. A. Writing Review The Continuing Role of IS The investigation Show Me the Money: Advanced Practices in Benefits Realization (2005), by Dave Aron, Chuck Tucker, and Richard Hunter, is a bit of related writing that is especially applicable to the current research paper. Aron et al.’s work accommodates a far reaching investigation of the advantages acknowledgment life cycle, and accommodates five key qualities for successful advantages acknowledgment. Show Me the Money talks about how the advantages acknowledgment life cycle ought to really be isolated into three stages: 1) arranging; 2) execution; and 3) reaping. Propelled works on, as indicated by Aron et al. , lead to expanded business benefits, higher IS believability, and improved realizing which can be applied to an organization’s resulting ventures. An association should concentrate on taking an interest completely on every one of the three cycles. The emphasis on benefits arranging permits an organization’s portfolio to be augmented as far as advantages potential. The work for the organization’s IS doesn't stop at the execution phase of advantages acknowledgment, however should proceed until the gathering stage so as to improve benefits. In Table 1 underneath, the propelled rehearses for each period of the advantages acknowledgment life cycle is laid out by Aron et al. : Table 1. Propelled Practices in the Benefits Realization Process Source: Aron, Dave, Chuck Tucker, Richard Hunter. (December 2005). Show Me the Money: Advanced Practices in Benefits Realization. http://www. gartner. com/DisplayDocument? doc_cd=137020 The huge contrast between fundamental practices and propelled rehearses in benefits acknowledgment, as found in Table, shows the proceeded with investment of IS in every single phase of the cycle. During execution, in the propelled rehearses column, specifically, IS ought to add to change the executives. This implies data services’ job don't stop after conveyance of the innovation. The practices sketched out in Table 1 can be summarized in the five attributes for a viable advantages acknowledgment program as gave by Aron et al. in their examination: Benefits acknowledgment is a start to finish discipline The business should concentrate on the advantages life cycle. The association ought to extend its concentration from the frameworks advancement life cycle so as to upgrade IS commitment to change the board. A few components to consider (Aron, Tucker Hunter, 2005): Advantages acknowledgment is a persevering need of each association. ? Moving IT portfolios make the advantages acknowledgment challenge significantly all the more squeezing. ? Improving advantages acknowledgment goes connected at the hip with closer business arrangement. ? Advantages of IT-escalated activities are acknowledged through three stages (arranging, execution, and gathering) ? Propelled rehearses convey ideal advantages acknowledgment. ? Arranging rehearses establish the framework Benefits-centered arranging will ensure that an organization’s portfolio is expanded with respect to benefits potential. Propelled practices ought to include: utilization of advantages system to characterize benefits; fabricate results chains to recognize all the exercises required; coordinate advantages into the executives forms; synchronize all partners around benefits duties; make benefits instructing a piece of the administration team’s job (Aron, Tucker Hunter, 2005). ? Execution rehearses prepare the business IS execution ought to include helping the association to prepare for change as far as procedure, culture, and tending to issues that emerge. Concentrate anyway ought to stay on the final products or advantages the association needs to accomplish, with IS proceeding to add to its execution past conveyance of the innovation. A few suggestions gave by the Show Me the Money concentrate on this are include: offering help to the association with change the executives abilities; utilization of engaged critical thinking groups; and adjusting venture administration in light of issues (Aron, Tucker Hunter, 2005). Gathering rehearses guarantee that normal advantages are procured The job of IS ought not stop after execution and usage of the advantages acknowledgment program. It should proceed to what Aron et al. have instituted as the â€Å"harvesting† stage. This stage includes estimating the advantages that the venture is relied upon to accomplish. The association, business and IS indistinguishable, must: deal with the whole collecting stage; run benefits-centered post-usage surveys; advance the venture administration group into a reaping controlling gathering; and direct an autonomous reaping review (Aron, Tucker Hunter, 2005). Along these lines, the advantages might be evaluated, estimated, and esteemed. Simultaneously, IS and business learning must be broke down and checked on at this stage. Assess and improve benefits acknowledgment rehearses The association will have a superior comprehension IS commitment to advantages and how to improve such commitment when they assess its advantages acknowledgment rehearses. A comprehension of the organization’s benefits acknowledgment status, an assessment of its advantages acknowledgment hazard, and execution of advantages centered pre-and post-usage survey devices will bring about better business benefits, higher IS believability, and improved learning for the whole association (Aron, Tucker Hunter, 2005). In entirety, Aron et al’s basic examination looks to reclassify and stress the job of IS in benefits acknowledgment. That job ought not be restricted to the arranging and execution stage however should proceed to the reaping stage. This investigation is with regards to the â€Å"concept-to-cash† structure of a perfect and successful advantages acknowledgment process. In such a structure, Show Me the Money reminds us, IS, and not simply business, assumes a significant job through and through.

USS Wasp CV-18 World War II Aircraft Carrier US Navy

USS Wasp CV-18 World War II Aircraft Carrier US Navy USS Wasp (CV-18) was an Essex-class plane carrying warship worked for the US Navy. It saw broad help in the Pacific during World War II and kept on being of administration after the war until it was decommissioned in 1972. Structure Construction Structured during the 1920s and mid 1930s, the US Navys Lexington-and Yorktown-class plane carrying warships were expected to comply with the impediments set out by the Washington Naval Treaty. This understanding put limitations on the tonnage of different kinds of warships just as topped each signatorys all out tonnage. These sorts of restrictions were reaffirmed in the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As overall strains expanded, Japan and Italy left the arrangement structure in 1936. With the breakdown of the understanding, the US Navy started planning another, bigger sort of plane carrying warship and one which drew from the exercises gained from the Yorktown-class. The subsequent class was longer and more extensive just as incorporated a deck-edge lift. This had been utilized before on USS Wasp (CV-7). Notwithstanding conveying a bigger number of airplane, the new structure mounted an enormously improved enemy of airplane deadly implement. Named the Essex-class, the lead transport, USS Essex (CV-9), was set down in April 1941. This was trailed by USS Oriskany (CV-18) which was set down on March 18, 1942, at Bethlehem Steels Fore River Ship Yard in Quincy, MA. Throughout the following 18 months, the transporters body rose on the ways. In the fall of 1942, Oriskanys name was changed to Wasp to perceive the transporter of a similar name which had been torpedoed by I-19 in the Southwest Pacific. Propelled on August 17, 1943, Wasp entered the water with Julia M. Walsh, little girl of Massachusetts Senator David I. Walsh, filling in as support. With World War II seething, laborers pushed to complete the transporter and it entered commission on November 24, 1943, with Captain Clifton A. F. Sprague in order. USS Wasp (CV-18) Overview Country: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Bethlehem Steel - Fore River ShipyardLaid Down: March 18, 1942Launched: August 17, 1943Commissioned: November 24, 1943Fate: Scrapped 1973 Particulars Relocation: 27,100 tonsLength: 872 ft.Beam: 93 ft.Draft: 34 ft., 2 in.Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€"boilers, 4 Ãâ€"Westinghouse outfitted steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€"shaftsSpeed: 33 knotsComplement: 2,600 men Deadly implement 4 Ãâ€"twin 5 inch 38 bore guns4 Ãâ€"single 5 inch 38 bore guns8 Ãâ€"fourfold 40 mm 56 gauge guns46 Ãâ€"single 20 mm 78 bore guns90-100 airplane Entering Combat Following an investigation journey and adjustments in the yard, Wasp led preparing in the Caribbean before leaving for the Pacific in March 1944. Showing up at Pearl Harbor toward the beginning of April, the bearer kept preparing then cruised for Majuro where it joined Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Fast Carrier Task Force. Mounting strikes against Marcus and Wake Islands to test strategies in late May, Wasp initiated activities against the Marianas the next month as its planes struck Tinian and Saipan. On June 15, airplane from the bearer bolstered Allied powers as they arrived in the initial activities of the Battle of Saipan. After four days, Wasp saw activity during the shocking American triumph at the Battle of the Philippine Sea. On June 21, the bearer and USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) were isolates to clean up escaping Japanese powers. Despite the fact that looking, they couldn't find the withdrawing foe. War in the Pacific Moving north in July, Wasp assaulted Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima before coming back to the Marianas to dispatch strikes against Guam and Rota. That September, the transporter started activities against the Philippines before moving to help the Allied arrivals on Peleliu. Recharging at Manus after this crusade, Wasp and Mitschers bearers moved through the Ryukyus before assaulting Formosa toward the beginning of October. This done, the bearers started assaults against Luzon to get ready for General Douglas MacArthurs arrivals on Leyte. On October 22, two days after the arrivals started, Wasp withdrew the zone to renew at Ulithi. After three days, with the Battle of Leyte Gulf seething, Admiral William Bull Halsey guided the transporter to come back to the region to give help. Hustling west, Wasp participated in the later activities of the fight before again leaving for Ulithi on October 28. The rest of the fall was spent working against the Philippines and in mid-December, the bearer end ured an extreme hurricane. Continuing tasks, Wasp upheld arrivals at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon in January 1945, preceding partaking in an attack through the South China Sea. Steaming north in February, the transporter assaulted Tokyo before going to cover the intrusion of Iwo Jima. Staying in the zone for a few days, Wasps pilot gave ground backing to the Marines aground. In the wake of recharging, the bearer came back to Japanese waters in mid-March and started assaults against the home islands. Going under continuous air assault, Wasp supported an extreme bomb hit on March 19. Leading brief fixes, the group kept the boat operational for a few days before it was pulled back. Showing up at Puget Sound Navy Yard on April 13, Wasp stayed dormant until mid-July. Completely fixed, Wasp steamed west July 12 and assaulted Wake Island. Rejoining the Fast Carrier Task Force, it again started assaults against Japan. These proceeded until the suspension of threats on August 15. After ten days, Wasp persevered through a subsequent tropical storm however it continued harm to its bow. With the finish of the war, the bearer cruised for Boston where it was fitted with additional lodging for 5,900 men. Set in administration as a major aspect of Operation Magic Carpet, Wasp cruised for Europe to help in returning American officers home. With the finish of this obligation, it entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet in February 1947. This latency demonstrated brief as it moved to the New York Navy Yard the next year for a SCB-27 transformation to permit it to deal with the US Navys new fly airplane. After war Years Joining the Atlantic Fleet in November 1951, Wasp slammed into USS Hobson five months after the fact and continued extreme harm to its bow. Immediately fixed, the bearer went through the year in the Mediterranean and directing preparing practices in the Atlantic. Moved to the Pacific in late 1953, Wasp worked in the Far East for a great part of the following two years. In mid 1955, it secured the departure of the Tachen Islands by Nationalist Chinese powers before withdrawing for San Francisco. Entering the yard, Wasp experienced a SCB-125 change which saw the expansion of a calculated flight deck and a tropical storm bow. This work was done late that fall and the bearer continued tasks in December. Coming back to the Far East in 1956, Wasp was redesignated as an antisubmarine fighting transporter on November 1. Moving to the Atlantic, Wasp spent the remainder of the decade directing routine tasks and activities. These included raids into the Mediterranean and working with other NATO powers. Subsequent to helping a United Nations airdrop in Congo during 1960, the bearer came back to ordinary obligations. In the fall of 1963, Wasp entered the Boston Naval Shipyard for a Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization update. Finished in mid 1964, it led an European journey soon thereafter. Coming back toward the East Coast it recouped Gemini IV on June 7, 1965, toward the finishing of its spaceflight. Repeating this job, it recuperated Geminis VI and VII that December. In the wake of conveying the shuttle to port, Wasp withdrew Boston in January 1966 for practices off Puerto Rico. Experiencing serious oceans, the transporter endured auxiliary harm and following an assessment at its goal before long returned north for fixes. After these were finished, Wasp continued ordinary exercises before recuperating Gemini IX in June 1966. In November, the transporter again satisfied a job for NASA when it welcomed on board Gemini XII. Upgraded in 1967, Wasp stayed in the yard until mid 1968. Throughout the following two years, the bearer worked in the Atlantic while making a few journeys to Europe and taking an interest in NATO works out. These kinds of exercises proceeded into the mid 1970s when it was chosen to expel the Wasp from administration. In port at Quonset Point, RI for the last a long time of 1971, the bearer was officially decommissioned on July 1, 1972. Blasted from the Naval Vessel Register, Wasp was sold for scrap on May 21, 1973. Sources DANFS: USS Wasp (CV-18)NavSource: USS Wasp (CV-18)USS Wasp Association

H.W Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

H.W - Assignment Example Every worker will endeavor to meet set objectives with the goal that they acquire such non-money rewards. Also, Gina will discover non-money remunerates less expensive contrasted with money. To start with, representatives may not see precisely how commendable is the prize. This is in opposition to trade prizes out which laborers think about the sum to get roused. For instance, Gina should set a program in which fruitful logging itemized notes about the customer bring in the online database, the client care delegate gains directs utilized toward recover unmistakable things of significant worth to them. To keep up consumer loyalty toward the finish of each call, Gina should make it some portion of her prize to oversee information. Prizes suggest after excellent execution, there ought to learn experience that improves different representatives to pick up information on serving in a similar line. Be that as it may, Gina ought to be mindful so as not to over-burden the outing with learning meetings. Representative should discover in excess of 80 percent of the movement to oneself for diversio n. In outline, non-money rewards are righteous instead of cash that representatives spend on standard responsibilities. May Johnson’s execution issues are multi-faceted. To start with, she needs the executives experience. It is her first experience working with a gathering of representatives revealing legitimately to her. Accordingly, she accepts that everything ought to go in accordance with what she comprehends and emphatically holds. Furthermore, Johnson needs information on the present frameworks utilized by the organization and different workers. She depends on old frameworks. Johnson’s overreliance on outdated frameworks continually raises clashes with her lesser representatives. Furthermore, Johnson doesn't comprehend crucial parts of occupation specialization. She wants to perform everything and doesn't accept that any obligation achieved by others can be great. Johnson rehashes each work her lesser staff individuals present to her. May Johnson’s representative are

Time in a bottle.

Time in a bottle. If I could save time in a bottle, the first thing that Id like to do is to blog every day til eternity passes away, just to share them with you. Unfortunately, I cant do that yet, but I can write these retrospective entries for you when Im not so busy like on the weekends. Think of it like a box full of memories. and the Trumpet of Coffee On Wednesday I had marching band practice and no time in between class and work to go home and get my instrument, so I had to take it to class with me in the morning. Now, the thing is that my trumpet is on loan from the band and its defintely a little past its prime, so the mouthpiece doesnt come out of it. Thats not really a terrible thing, except that with the mouthpiece stuck in it perpetually, it doesnt fit in its case. So I had to walk around carrying a trumpet out of its case in one hand all day. Of course, I forgot that this rehearsal was actually for elections and involved no playing of instruments at all, but it was cool Im the new music librarian. Anyway, since I had just pulled an all-nighter to work for twelve consecutive hours on my 10.213 (Thermo) and 10.302 (Transport) p-sets, I had to stop into the newly-redesigned Cafe Four for some coffee, which is probably terrible coffee, but since I usually avoid coffee except in case of emerency, Im not too discriminating. Since I was, you know, carrying a trumpet in my left hand, the nice cashiernot quite as nice as Saturne, but still pretty nicemade me a proposition: if you play me a song, I give you free coffee. Anyway, the first thing that popped into my head was Psycho Killer by the Talking Heads, and I played it pretty poorly, but, still, she kind of promised me, and there were people waiting, so she just applauded politely and let me go on my merry way, now just a little bit merrier. And then I got free coffee. and the Alchemist of Turkeys Last week sometime, I got an e-mail from Andy, the grad student with whom Im working on my UROP, saying that Terry Adams, the Chief Technology Officer of Changing World Technologies, was coming to MIT for a day and wanted to see how our research on the thermal conversion of turkey offal to see how the project was coming along. Since Andy is in Switzerland skiing all term while I slave away in lab doing all his thesis work for him, he asked me to meet with Professor Tester and Dr. Adams and let them know how my work has been going. For those of you who are not aware, this is my job. Thats not an actual slide from my presentation, though hard as it is to believe. Anyway, I went up to Professor Testers office at 12 PM, all ready to meet with him and everything, when his secretary Gwen informed me that he, Dr. Adams, Professor Modell, and Morgan, a postdoc in my lab, had all headed over to the faculty lounge for lunch and they wanted me to just come over and have a lunch meeting with them. Ruh-roh. Wheres the faculty lounge in the Stata Center? Well, Gwen gave me excellent directions, but considering that this is the floor plan for the Stata Center I was a little stressed out. What I was surprisingly not stressed about, at least until I got there, was the fact that I was having lunch with a postdoc, two professors, and the CTO of a company and that the purpose of this lunch was to basically talk about me and my research. Well, then. I started to get THE SHIVERS when I walked into the lounge, but luckily I had time to go grab some (awesome, free, cheesecake-including) lunch and compose myself before I started to talk. My part of the lunch did go pretty well I think I generally gave the impression that I had some idea of what I was talking about. I also got to learn some really interesting things about my work from Professor Tester and Dr. Adams. For example, a grad student in my lab found out about 20 years ago that theres a limiting factor for Maillard formation as a function of temperaturethat is, if you bake bread at too high of a temperature, you wont get any crusting at all. Perhaps the same thing is true for turkey carcasses. I also found out from Dr. Adams that Changing World Technologies now deals not only with the thermal depolymerization of turkey waste, but also takes destroyed cars and converts much of the organic material on their interiors into oil while precipitating the heavy metals. But Destroyed Autos vs. Spam just doesnt have the same ring to it. and the Mom of Sam. Last weekend was MIT Family Weekend, which is a great opportunity for MIT students to hang out with their parents or their friends parents, so Sams Mom came up to visit her only son. We had just a great time; we went to Vinny Ts with 27 people, we shopped unsuccessfully for a chair, and we bonded while making meatballs. Actually, Sams Mom just made meatballs for me. But they were among the best everfar better than Ive had anywhere in Bostondespite her repeated complaints that she didnt have her ingredients. We also found out that even in the Peoples Republic of Cambridge, known for its famously liberal politics, that some people still have drive SUVs: But perhaps our greatest adventure was heading out to Arlington to check out the Blue Ribbon BBQthough shes usually up for walking, Sams Mom was looking for somewhere car-accessible on account of the driving rain. The brisket and pulled pork sandwiches we had were excellent, but, once again, life is about the journey, not the destination, so we actually had all of our real fun getting there. As you may know, 77 Massachusetts Avenue looks like this: and is where you should mail your application to MIT, I think. So, by the time we had reached 2600 Massachusetts Avenue and still had seen no sign of Blue Ribbon BBQ or even of Arlington, we were becoming a little worried. Luckily, Google Maps had reminded me that street addresses in Boston make no senseit turns out that when you get into Arlington, the numbering on Mass Ave just randomly starts over. This is okay, I guessnumbering also starts over when you cross the Harvard Bridgebut it does mean that some poor person could be walking around trying to find 742 Mass Ave, only to find that theyre about 6 miles and two towns away. Also, streets sometimes change name when you change town, and steets in different towns with the same names can actually be nowhere near each other. Moral of the Entry: Dont mail your applications to 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Arlington. They get enough junk mail. And 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston is, like, a pizza place or something.

Major source of macro and micronutrients - Free Essay Example

Rice (Oryza sativa (2n = 24) is a monocot plant and belongs to the Poaceae family and Oryzoidea subfamily. It occupies almost one-fifth of the total land area under world cereals. It covers about 148 million hectares annually that is roughly 11 percent of the world-cultivated land. It is life for more than half of humanity and in past, it shaped the cultures, diets, and economies of billions of people in the world (Farooq et al., 2009). More than 90 percent of the worlds rice is grown and consumed in Asia where 60 percent of the world population lives. The world major rice consuming countries are China, India, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, Japan, Brazil, South Korea and USA that consume 135, 85, 39, 37, 26, 18, 10, 10, 9.7, 8.7, 8.1, 5.0 and 3.9 million metric ton, respectively (Meng et al., 2005; USDA, 2003-04). Biochemical and nutritional aspects of rice Rice is a major source of macro and micronutrients for human being. It feeds more than two billion people worldwide and is the number one staple food in Asia. It provides over 21 percent of the calorific needs of the worlds population and up to 76 percent of the calorific intake of the population of South East (SE) Asia (Fitzgerald et al., 2009). It is mostly consumed as a polished grain, which usually lacks its nutritional components such as minerals and vitamins 41 P. Lucca et al., Genetic engineering approaches to enrich rice with iron and vitamin A, Physiol. Plant. 126 (2006), pp. 291-303. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (7)( Lucca et al., 2006). Since the advent of molecular techniques, recently genetically modified rice verities have been developed, which contains more nutritional aspects like minerals and vitamins in endosperm (Vasconcelos et al., 2003; Paine et al., 2005; Fitzgerald et al., 2009). The major value-added nutritional protein c onstituents of the rice. Rice Position in Pakistan In Pakistan, besides its importance as a food crop, rice is the second important component of daily diet of bulk of the population after wheat. About 23% of the total foreign exchange earnings is shared by rice and thus called as Golden Grain of Pakistan (Shah et al., 1999). Around one third of total production is annually exported and two third is locally consumed to meet food needs. Rice is also used in dishes for special occasions (Sagar et al., 1988). Pakistan is the third largest rice exporting country. In Pakistan, rice occupies about 10% of the total cultivated area, accounts for 6.1% of value added in agriculture and 1.3% in gross domestic product. Production of rice during 2007-08 was estimated at 5,540 thousand tones, 10.4% higher than last year with 6.1% increase in yield per hectare (Anonymous, 2006). Area, production and yield of rice for the last 5 years are shown in Fig. 1. Varieties of basmati rice, sub-species of indica, are economically important due to the high quality of the grain and constitute an important source of revenue for two major rice-growing countries in Asia (Pakistan and India). The international market for basmati rice has always been higher than that of the moderate varieties. Pakistans annual rice export stands at about 2.5 million tons, which earn a total of 513.0 million dollars for the country (Anonymous, 1998). During the year 2005-2006 rice export was about one billion US$ (Bashir et al., 2007). Rice growing areas of Pakistan Depending upon the irrigation water availability, rice can be grown in any part of the country from sea level up to 2500m height. Pakistan has a climate and a potential in soil that permits the expectations of a most bright future for the productions of rice. Considering temperature difference, optimum sowing seasons and the varietals performance, rice growing areas can be divided in four ecological zones (Salim et al., 2003; Table-1.2). Rice is grown in all four provinces of Pakistan. However, the acreage under rice varies greatly from one province to another. The Punjab and Sindh are the major rice growing provinces with about 59% and 33%, respectively of the total rice in the country. The remaining 5% of the area is planted in Baulochistan and 3% in NWFP (Bhatti and Anwar, 1994). Despite the fact that its cultivated area is far smaller than wheat (more than 7.24 million), it has a great impact on national economy due to two reasons. Firstly, rice is the only crop which can be grown successfully in vast chunks of salt-ridden and water-logged areas where it facilitates not only the reclamation of land for the cultivation of other crops but also provide food. Secondly, superior quality basmati has a consistently increasing demand in the foreign countries. Consequently, there is a great scope for augmenting the foreign exchange earning by exporting it in bigger quantity. In view of these facts, it is highly desirable to increase the production and improve the quality of rice the quality is particularly more important from the trade view point, as it is instrument entail in increasing and then sustaining the demand in the foreign market in competition with other rising exporting countries. There in no denying the fact that purity is the very sole of quality. The impurities not only restrict the export trade, but also inflict losses to the growers, millers and the consumers alike. Therefore, these should possibly be minimized (Saleem et al., 2003). Major rice varieties in Pakistan More than 20 rice varieties have been released for general cultivation in Pakistan (Bashir et al., 2007). A general description of agronomical and physiochemical characteristics of these varieties. Importance of Basmati Rice in Pakistan There are thousands of rice varieties and landraces, which differ with respect to plant and grain characteristics. Of these, aromatic (Basmati) rice constitutes a small but special group that is regarded as best in grain quality, superior aroma and usually used for special dish preparation (Khush and dela Cruz, 2001). Quality of rice may be considered from the view point of size, shape and appearance of grain, milling quality and cooking properties (Dela Cruz and Khush, 2000). Pakistan is famous for the production and export of Basmati rice. The origin of the word Basmati can be trade to the word Basmati meaning earth recognized by its fragrance. The Hindi word Bas was derived from the Pakrit word BAS and has a Sanskrit root Vassy (Aroma), while Mati originated from Mayup (ingrained from the origin). In common usage Vas is pronounced as Bas and while combining Bas and Mayup, the later changed to Mati thus the word Basmati (Ahuja et al., 1995; Gupta, 1995). The fragrance of basmati rice is most closely associated with the presence of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (Buttery et al., 1983; Lorieux et al., 1996; Widjaja et al., 1996; Yoshihashi et al., 2002). Although many other compounds are also found in the headspace of fragrant rice varieties (Widjaja et al., 1996) possibly due to secondary effects related to the genetic background of the rice variety, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline is widely known to be the main cause of the distinctive basmati and jasmine fragrance. The desirability of fragrance has resulted in strong human preference and selection for this trait. Non-fragrant rice varieties contain very low levels of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, while the levels in fragrant genotypes are much higher (Widjaja et al., 1996). Basmati rice occupies a prime position in the Indian subcontinent and is becoming increasingly popular in Middle East, Europe, USA and even in non-traditional rice growing countries such as Australia (Bhasin, 2000). High-quality, traditional Basmati rice varieties command premium prices, more than three times that of non-Bamati rices in the world market due to its exquisite aroma, superfine grain characteristics and excellent cooking (extra elongation, soft and flaky texture) qualities (Bhasin, 2000; Singh et al., 2000a; Khush and dela Cruz, 2002). Basmati rice traditionally grown in the Himalayan foothills regions of Pakistan and India, and the name is traditionally associated with this region. Basmati rice is the result of centuries of selection and cultivation by farmers (Khush, 2000). Cultivation of basmati rice in mainly confined to the Kallar tract (Gujranwala, Sheikhupura and Sialkot districts) of Punjab province. Basmati rice always fetch a higher price in the domestic as well as in the international market due to their peculiar quality features such as pleasant aroma, fine grain, extreme grain elongation (7.6mm long) and soft texture on cooking. In spite of hard competition from India, Thailand and the United States, Pakistan enjoys a good position in the global trade of aromatic rice and every year earns a lot of foreign exchange (Akram and Sagar, 1997). Genetic Diversity in Rice Diversity among organisms is a result of variations in DNA sequences and of environmental effects. The diversity in crop varieties is essential for agricultural development for increasing food production, poverty alleviation and promoting economic growth. The available diversity in the germplasm also serves as an insurance against unknown future needs and conditions, thereby contributing to the stability of farming systems at local, national and global levels (Singh et al, 2000). In crop improvement program, genetic variability for agronomic traits as well as quality traits in almost all the crops is important, since this component is transmitted to the next generation (Singh, 1996). Study of genetic divergence among the plant materials is a vital tool to the plant breeders for an efficient choice of parents for plant improvement. Genetically diverse parents are likely to contribute desirable segregants and/or to produce high heterotic crosses. Parents identified on the basis of dive rgence for any breeding program would be more promising (Arunachalam, 1981). In early 1970s, public authorities felt the need that genetic resources should be collected, maintained and conserved, especial focus was on important food crops e.g wheat, rice, barley etc (Hawkes 1983; Bellon et al., 1998; Barry et al., 2007). This was the first official attempt to preserve genetic diversity. Currently different genetic diversity assessment methods including morphological, biochemical and molecular markers are available. Morphological Markers used to study genetic diversity Morphological evaluation is the oldest and considered as the first hand tool for detection of genetic variation in germplasm (Smith and Smith, 1989). It is cheap and convenient. It requires not any in depth knowledge at genomic or proteomic level. However, morphological markers are relatively less effective for genetic diversity analysis due to sensitivity to environmental influences and developmental stage of the plant (Werlemark et al., 1999). It takes long time, requires seasonal changes and quite laborious. The genetic variability for some of the traits needed for high yield performance and stress tolerance is limited in cultivated germplasm. This is because a small core of adapted progenitors has been used repeatedly in rice breeding programs such that the genetic base of rice has become narrow (Moncada et al. 2001; Hargrove et al. 1980; Dilday 1990). Introgression of genes from other rice species can provide genetic variation to improve rice and meet the challenges affecting ri ce production. Morphological traits including both qualitative and quantitative ones are used to evaluate genetic relationship among genotypes (Goodman 1972; Bajracharya et al., 2006). Fida et al. (1995) reported the evaluation of elite rice genotypes for agronomic traits during 1992 at NARC, Islamabad. All the genotypes possessed similar grain quality. Agronomic evaluation was used for screening of lines with desired performance by Akram et al. (1995), in field leading to the identification of varieties possessing longer and fine grains as donors for utilization in breeding programmes aimed for the improvement of grain length in Basmati rice. Iqbal et al. (2001) morphologically evaluated selected landraces for paddy yield and other important agronomic traits as a propose to select parents for hybridization program. All the landraces possessed some desirable agronomic traits so these proved effective in rice breeding programmes. Koutroubas et al. (2004) described variation in grain quality traits among some European rice lines. They concluded that these lines could be used as parents for introgression of desired traits into different rice cultivars grown in Europe. They also suggested that the interrelations among grain quality traits found in these lines could be useful to study the relationship among their grain quality components and for improving selection criteria. Nabeela et al. (2004) evaluated fifteen agronomical important traits in landrace genotypes of rice collected from various parts of Pakistan. A significant amount of genetic variation was displayed for most of the traits examined. The coefficient of variation was more than 10% for all the characters with exception of grain length. Seven accessions with best performance for individual character were identified, by exploiting their genetic potential. These genotypes can have a beneficial use in the breeding programs. Nepali rice landrace diversity was evaluated by Bajracharya et al. (2005) by usin g morphological traits as one of the parameter for selection. The genotypes varied only for few quantitative traits controlled by major genes; husk color, seed coat and panicle traits. Agronomic characterization also helped to decide which traits need to be improved for further crop improvements. Zaman et al. (2005) studied fifteen different rice varieties which showed that the different morphological characteristics such as the yield, tiller number per hill and filled grains per panicle did not contribute towards the total divergence. This suggested that the breeding improvement of these morphological characteristics have the little possibility. Little phenotypic variation at farm level was observed in Vietnamese rice by Fukuoka et al. 2006, which was considered to be the result of genetic drift and selection by the farmers, on farm conservation of the landraces of rice is considered to be under a force to decrease phenotypic diversity. Different phenotypic profiles contribute to t he conservation of regional genetic diversity of the landraces of rice. Veasey and colleagues (2008) investigated the genetic variability among different rice species from South in a greenhouse experiment. They showed a significant difference (p

Rhetorical Analysis Of Elizabeth s Henrietta

Three Sections Argument Quotes Rhetorical Strategy Life (1-11) Discrimination, ulterior motives and misguided treatment impacted Henrietta just as much as her cancer. Henrietta Lacks suffers immensely throughout her short life, due to discrimination, her disease, and the ineffective and crude treatments applied in a drastic attempt to save her life. Additionally, the medical staff saw her as a source of precious material beyond her needs as a patient. Imagery:â€Å"Sadie gasped: The skin from Henrietta’s breasts to her pelvis was charred a deep black from the radiation. The rest of her body was its natural shade—more the color of fawn than coal.† (48) Imagery/Parallelism: â€Å"Doctors examined her inside and out, pressing on her stomach, inserting new catheters into her bladder, fingers into her vagina and anus, needles into her veins.† (40) Word Choice: â€Å"‘Henrietta is still a miserable specimen,’ they wrote. ‘She groans.’ ‘She is constantly nauseated and claims she vomits everything she eats.’ ‘Patient acutely upset†¦ very anxious.’ ‘As far as I can see we are doing all that can be done.’ (66) The author liberally uses Pathos to characterize Henrietta’s suffering, using descriptive imagery to convey the negative effects of her treatments. Additionally, the author uses Parallelism to place emphasis on the invasive procedures that she had endured. Quotes from the medical staff, beyond affirming her suffering, also demonstrate a clearly dismissive attitude towards Henrietta, referringShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesAcknowledgments For the 1993 edition: The following friends and colleagues deserve thanks for their help and encouragement with this project: Clifford Anderson, Hellan Roth Dowden, Louise Dowden, Robert Foreman, Richard Gould, Kenneth King, Marjorie Lee, Elizabeth Perry, Heidi Wackerli, Perry Weddle, Tiffany Whetstone, and the following reviewers: David Adams, California State Polytechnic University; Stanley Baronett, Jr., University of Nevada-Las Vegas; Shirley J. Bell, University of Arkansas at Monticello;

The Task of an International Marketer - 2314 Words

The International Marketers task is more complicated than that of the domestic marketer because the international marketer must deal with at least two levels of uncontrollable uncertainty instead of one. Discuss. Introduction Domestic marketing deals with any marketing activities within the boundaries of a nation. This should be directly contrasted with the term International marketing, which refers to all marketing activities that go beyond the confines of a domestic economy. For Zimbabwe, this would be consumers, workers, businesses, and governments that lie beyond the Zimbabwean national boundaries. How both the international marketer and the domestic marketer should know the 4Ps (Product, price, promotion and place) or the†¦show more content†¦This is particularly true of foodstuffs. Sadza in Zimbabwe, a staple food made from maize meal, would not go down well in United Kingdom or United States of America. Only products of a more technical nature, like computers on the other hand, have a universal appeal. The marketer can study culture in a number of ways including the anthropological approach, Maslows hierarchy of needs, the self reference criterion, diffusion theory, high and low context culture, and perception approaches. Culture itself is made up of a number of learned characteristics including aesthetics, education, religion and attitudes and values. One of the principal researchers on culture and its consequences is Hofstede, who, as a result of his studies, offers many insights and guides to marketers when dealing with diverse nationalities. Ignoring differences, or even similarities, in culture can lead to marketers especially international marketers making and executing decisions with possible disastrous results. Trade agreements Since 1945, there have been eight major trade agreements. The first five were bilateral agreements, where only two countries made treaties with one another. These were not an efficient way to reduce tariffs, as other countries were able to take advantage of the spillover effects of the reductions. All subsequent trade negotiations have been multilateral, or involving many countries. All talks took place under the frameworkShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Culture On International Marketing Communication1486 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors to support marketing communication in the proposed markets and pre-requisites for cross-cultural communication. †¢ Culture-related barriers to marketing and how to approach this issue in order to achieve success in international markets. †¢ Effects of culture on international marketing communication and the need for cultural awareness. †¢ A three-step approach to successful cross-cultural communication. â€Æ' Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................ 1Read MoreFive Steps in the Process of Building Channels for International Distribution958 Words   |  4 Pagesstrength, (3) managerial stability and capability, and (4) the nature and reputation of the business. Emphasis is usually placed on either the actual or potential productivity of the middleman. 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The Gas And Natural Gas - 1615 Words

As Alberta Energy Regulator (2016) stated the irregular reservoirs of oil and natural gas are located underground in different formations. The unconventional reservoirs of oil and natural gas are considered hard to extract as these are in the rocks where it is difficult for oil and gas to travel to surface. In order to extract those reservoirs a technique called fracturing is developed over the years to make use of the hidden natural resources which were considered unfeasible to dig out as explained in Hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic Fracturing is a very recognizable and most commonly used technique in North America to extract natural oil and gas from unconventional reservoirs as Manfreda John (2015) stated. The fracturing started†¦show more content†¦1.0 Fracturing: What is Fracturing? Oil and gas is extracted through the technique by shattering the unusual formation which has oil and gas in it. This technique is called fracturing. The term Hydraulic fracturing is widely used in place of fracturing. The Alberta Energy Regulation (2016) explains that in the fracturing process rocks or other forms of substance underneath the earth are broken down by using pressurized liquids. Other ingredients include sand or other forms of tiny particles which will help keep cracks in the arrangement. These small particles will remain there making the space flow of oil and gas to flow freely from these rocks. As per UKOOG (2013) in fracturing a well is made to access the area where there are the resources of un conventional oil and gas. The well is very similar to what we dig to get the water. The unconventional oil and gas resources are very deep in the earth so the well is made way deeper. The well for the unconventional oil and gas is normally deep. A pipe is then inserted into that well to make the flow of the unconventional oil and gas to the surface. The sides of the pipe are cemented in order to make sure that the natural water is not being contaminated. The holes are made at the horizontal section of the pipe at few places. The holes are made to crack the rocks which contain unconventional oil and

Morality, We Should Be Impartial Essay - 1474 Words

It’s natural to think that when it comes to morality, we should be impartial. And yet almost everyone thinks it is appropriate to treat certain people, like those who are near and dear to them, in a special sort of way. For example, while having food and clothing is clearly a good, it seems that I have a special obligation to my own children over the children of strangers to make sure that they have food and clothing. So we have two moral claims: Impartiality: When it comes to morality, we should be impartial. Partiality: It is appropriate to treat certain people in a special sort of way. There seems to be some tension between these two thoughts. To avoid it, we must either (1) reject the claim that we must be impartial, or (2) reject the claim that it is OK to be partial to certain people, or (3) come to understand impartiality in a different way. Why We Should Be Impartial Why think that we must be impartial and treat everybody alike? First, there is something intuitively appealing about the thought that morality requires us to be â€Å"as strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator.†1 One might even say that the moral point of view just is the impartial point of view. After all, isn’t the point of ethics to step back and try to discover moral principles that apply to everyone? To say that someone acted impartially is often meant to imply that she acted rightly. Another reason to think we must be impartial is that it is arbitrary to act otherwise.2 AskShow MoreRelatedLegal Positivism Over Natural Law Theory982 Words   |  4 Pagesa smaller scale, the strictly legal conception is more appealing because it is broader,† (478). Spaak is arguing, his belief that â€Å"validity-based explanations come nearer to the truth,†(483) rather than belief-based explanations. 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Leverage and leveraged finance Free Essays

Leveraged finance usually means funding a company with more debt than it is worth. Leveraged finance is used to gain specific, short term objectives like acquiring a company through buy outs or buy-ins, or parking funds in assets which generate fast and excessive returns over the cost of funding. The Sub – Prime crisis of recent times makes it important to keep the above definition in mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Leverage and leveraged finance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Implicit in all finance deals is the ‘down-side ‘or risk that a lot of value (money in plain terms) would simply disappear if the wrong calculations are made. In finance a lot of calculated instinct is based around the capacity of an entity to service or repay its loans. This also raises the question of faith – on the organization’s capacity to perform and therefore repay its debts along with associated costs, chiefly interest related, and returns. Putting a lever to something means firmly positioning it to perform a task. In the language of finance, leveraging would mean to strengthen the power of a company’s funds to attract more returns by borrowing yet more funds – usually short term.   Leveraged financing is the issue of high yielding bonds or funds borrowed from banks to fund the takeover of companies or buy outs by existing members (buy in) or an outside stakeholder (takeover). The ratio of the company’s debts (borrowings) and the company’s return on equity (money borrowed and invested elsewhere) decides the risk rating of a borrowing entity. Simply put, the company has to earn enough to repay the cost of its borrowings and make an extremely high profit for its stakeholders. If the cash flow from the operation is negatively affected by the high cost of debt servicing or interest for borrowed funds – the position of the lender is riskier. Therefore the interest or the ‘risk cost’ will be higher. (Fletcher, 288-92) The principle is utilized in investing in stocks. The price of a stock is a reflection of its debt to equity ratio at its market or book value.   Financial leveraging calculates the varying effects of one or the other in arriving at a ratio. It allows higher return to the investor. The loss may be higher too, for the company has to pay servicing costs for borrowings even if its stock is completely eroded. There are levels of leverage financing – either secured bank loans or bonds or comparatively ‘less senior’ subordinated bonds or loans. A leverage financier has to calculate how the finance is to be raised. If he overestimates a company’s capacity pay back the loan, he might lend too much at very low margins. The outcome of this would be that the financier will be unable to sell these loans or bonds. Then again, if a company’s value is underestimated, then the transaction results in a huge loss. The objective of leveraged buy outs is to acquire assets without utilizing its own capital. The following case studies illustrate the impact at different periods in recent times. The Sub Prime Crisis Sub Prime borrowers are those whose debt rating is ‘high risk’ – their ability to pay back their loans is considered weak by banks or financial companies. As compared to ‘prime’ borrowers like companies who are financed with ease, a sub prime or non prime borrower’s credentials are considered poor. This is because they are likely not to repay due to insufficiency of funds. They are then financed at sub prime or higher rates of interest than normal. This makes it profitable for lending institutions. In the USA, the bulk of sub prime borrowers are people who seek to buy houses. The majority has no stable income or is in employment which does not earn enough. Only some months back, in the USA debt was freely available to those who asked – in fact, banks fought among themselves to offer loans to leveraged takeovers and hired the services of agents to ferret out possible borrowers. But now, the markets are talking of credit squeeze. Banks are scrambling to tone up their balance sheets. What led to this problem? It is good to remember that householders, commercial banks, brokers and companies all use leverage differently. Homeowners are said to be ‘anti cyclical’ in their leverage. When assets (in this case, property values) appreciate faster, leverage – a factor of debt to equity, decreases. When asset values shrink, leverage rises. This is because householders keep paying mortgages regardless of cycles of increase or decrease in property values or share prices. When a householder takes, say, $300,000 on a $400,000 house, he has equity of $100,000 or a leverage ratio of 3. Supposing the house price was to increases to $500,000, his equity doubles to $200,000 toning down the leverage ratio to 1:5 (Kar, 165-71) Banks and companies are neither strongly anti nor pro cyclical, choosing fixed leverage ratios whatever happens to the market. Investment banks and broking houses are extremely pro cyclical, ramping up their leverage as asset prices move upward. Brokers employ specialized risk based accounting which allows increased borrowing while prices are rising. Conversely, they have to borrow less as prices fall. While adjusting to risk is natural, these brokers acted against what would be prudent judgment. To explain this – an amateur might think that high priced portfolios run a higher risk. On the other hand, a ‘calm’ market would make him cautious in anticipation of a storm. The finance professionals turn this judgment on its head through an instrument which they have devised called ‘Value at Risk’ (VAR) which considers current market values, no matter how unpredictable the market is. For example, in the valuation of complex portfolios, brokers tended to assume only recent history. A short calm period is taken to project future ‘tranquility’ for more years. So, when a real market risk is present, the ratio of VAR to valuation of assets is low. Companies would consequently be compelled to leverage more when, in fact, they should not have. Till 2007, brokers kept increasing their portfolios of householder finance, apparently because there was apparently less risk. Just as the signal would have been to buy when prices were high, the now confusing indications, based on wrong models, led to prospects of selling when   the housing markets was turbulent. As result, brokers are left with assets of almost $300 billion of hung deals- householders had simply walked away. (King, 68-71) The Long Term Credit Management Crisis of 1998 Another example of the failure of valuation models and the intervention of leveraged funds this crisis had a major impact on global markets. Long Term Capital Management (LTCM), founded in 1994 by John Meriwether, decided to deal in US and other government bonds. The idea was that over time government bonds would be identical in value if released within short gaps of each other. The rate at which these bonds appreciated would be different as in the case of US government bonds which would rise in value faster. The profit would be taken from selling costlier bonds and buying cheaper bonds. The profits did come to such an extent that LTCM had to look around for areas to invest its capital .It went into risk arbitraging -this was outside their expertise. They had to resort to highly leveraged finance to sustain return on equity. Their equity was almost 5 billion dollars against borrowings of $125 million. The proceeds were also used in investing in equity derivatives. By end August 1997, the company had lost most of its capital due to some downtrends which its managers could not read earlier –specially the Great Asian Meltdown of 1997 – and still had to pay the huge borrowing costs. Leverage had doomed the company. The Dot Com Bubble Through the early 90’s and till the first years of 2000, information technology was surging forward on extremely encouraging forecasts about its future in the world. Entrepreneurs were able to float technology companies, financed by venture capital which was riding on the prospects of fantastic returns. No one realized that these companies had nothing up front to offer which could be valued in rational terms. Huge leverage was sought in order to follow this boom around the world. The bubble was pricked as fast as it had been blown up – and companies and capital vanished. (Lamb, 434-38) Works cited: Fletcher, Robert. Art of Financial Economics: Beliefs and Knowledge; Believing and Knowing. Christchurch: Howard Price. 2006 Kar, Pranab. History of Modern American Finance. Kolkata: Dasgupta Chatterjee 2005 King, Herbert. Fiscal Fitness Today Vol. IV Plymouth: HBT Brooks Ltd. 2005 Lamb, Davis. Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. Wellington: National Book Tru How to cite Leverage and leveraged finance, Essay examples

Health Policy National Women Health Policy

Question: Discuss about theHealth Policyfor National Women Health Policy. Answer: Introduction: Choice of Policy: The policy chosen for the assignment is National Women Health Policy 2010 in Australia. The policy is proposed for the benefit of health services that need to be provided to the modern women who face a lot of difficulties in expressing themselves and accessing the health care for a variety of disease that affect quality life of women in Australia. This policy is proposed with a plan period of 20 years and therefore proposes both governmental and personal initiatives for helping every woman of all age cohorts including the old age issues and have successfully being able to handle the recent crisis in a better way. Reason for Policy Being Selected: This policy is chosen because it has been seen to fulfil all the important criteria that is required from the assignment because a substantial part of the assignment has been covering the various vulnerable disorders and the diseases that attack women at every cohort (Haber et al., 2015). This is including the old age and supports and the barriers that women face while trying to access healthcare supports. Not only inaccessibility, it also portrays the various social determinants that prevent the women or become a barrier to correct healthcare services of all age (Hawkes et al., 2016). This policy is found to be absolutely apt as it discusses various potential diseases that affect them at various ages along with statistical data backed up for it (Birkland, 2014). Concise Summary of the health Policy: A very impressive fact about the policy is that it had provided a clear overview of each and every aspect that it had wanted to discuss (Anderson, 2014). By the sentence, it is meant that it had clearly depicted the entire policy concerns and the interventions clearly in six important chapters and therefore there had been no source of confusion among the readers and policy supporters (Koduah, Agyepong van Dijk, 2016). This is because they van clearly get to understand the problems that the modern women face without any difficulty. There are six important chapters after a brief overview of the policy. This is indeed found to be helpful as the readers get a brief idea what they are going to read in the coming pages or it can also provide a quick idea to those who are finding a correct policy to look over the aged people (Fafard, 2015). The first chapter usually consists of the details of the discussions and the forum meetings and the conferences that had leas to the successful publica tion of the policy thereby providing a derailed background of the policy importance. The second chapter mainly consists of the results found from several studies and qualitative researches conducted for the policy. This is a very important chapter as it mainly consists of the issues that women face and will face in the next 20 years like chronic health diseases, risk factors, mental health issues, sexual and reproductive wellbeing an almost important of all agingin prevention criteria is also mentioned (Bulmer, 2015). The third chapter mainly deals with the various determinants that often result in the incidence of the diseases and discusses issues on the social and economic front along with discussions and the challenges faced in every field. Chapter four deals with the action plan in order to solve the issues. Governmental actions are evaluated along with proposal of new plans. This indicated that political aspects are also included (Hansen, Seybolt Sundeen, 2014). Chapter five m ainly focuses on the social determinants resulting in the disorders. Chapter six deal with the broader goals that mainly aim in attending the inequality issues, governmental initiatives and others. Further developmental plan is also proposed. Therefore, from this part, one can get a very clear idea about what to expect from the policy. A very interesting fact noticed here is that the proposer of the policy has a clear-cut approach that invites no criticism of missing out important arenas (Hajifathalian et al., 2015). Separating and classifying the different topics in different chapters have provided the viewers about what to expect from each chapter (Onega et al., 2014). This policy is easy to apprehend as the readers can jump to nay chapter of interest without trying to find his or her concern in a particular arena. This crystal-clear approach should be maintained by each and every health policy rather than having continuous paragraphs with no proper headings and differentiation in topics thereby giving a mixed overview with random issues and interventions. Moreover, another very food perspective noticed here is that the policy is made very easy to read for all the readers even those who are not very accustomed with scientific and health terms. Therefore, it is not difficult for those who are academically less privileged and finds it interesting and at the same time easy to read and review it and understand what it wants to convey to modern day women (Coleman. 2014). Body: Policy Analysis and Critical Discussion: While looking into the first chapter of the policy, one can find out a clear explanation of the history that provided the background for the introduction of the policy in the year 2010. The previous policy was mainly formed in the year 1989 which were proposed after the nation realised that the women need a special policy. This policy was mainly aimed at the improvement of the health and wellbeing of the of all the women in Australia that mainly targeted of attending the risks associated with women and making the healthcare sector more specialised to meet their needs. The policy identified some of the very important issues like the reproductive health, sexuality, health of aging women, emotional and mental health and also sex role stereotyping and many others. The policy maker at that time were capable of identifying key areas where action they should have taken like improvement of health services, provision of more health information, conduct researches and data collection from them , training of different health care providers and so on. Here one can see, that already the main foundations of the current policy was already laid in the year 1989 and therefore the issues which the current policy has been objectifying are the same issues that had also bothered the women from a very early time that 1989 policy had already resulted in a study called the Australian longitudinal study that had been landmark based on the population based survey which continued for about 20 years and included the examination of about 40,000 women all over the nation. The survey had formed the main background for the introduction of the new policy in the year 2010. Participants have been surveyed for more than about four times in the last 12 years to gather important information about their needs, requirements and their feeling about the health systems along with the changes that require to be met. This is because with the growing changes in the mental and physical requirements of every generation with the social and economic changes, it had become important to introduce a new policy with the results of the survey constructed as a part of the 1989 policy. The consultation process of the 2010 policy was mainly laid after the release of the paper called the Developing a Womens Health Policy for Australia: Setting the Scene by the Minister for Health and Ageing, the Hon Nicola Roxon MP. Based on the paper, a number of women health organisation were called for meetings and conferences all over the country in not only major states but also in minor states and even in rural areas like Alice Springs, Bendigo, Cairns, Fitzroy Crossing, Launceston, Port Augusta and Taree. Thereby one can see here that the policy had been established only after thorough research that had been conducted over the entire nation. Therefore, it had included the feelings and demands of every woman from all background. Therefore, the success of the policy can already been estimated as it covered al l the issues that could have been a concern to any of the women. Gender equity, health equity, age appropriate information and services for women belonging to different age category, focusing on preventive strategies, evidence based services, developing goals for the women, identifying key issues were discussed in brief giving the readers the main subjects of discussion However, only one point that is noticed here is that the key issues identified here have been discussed in the chapter one has again been discussed inn chapter two in details. So, in this case it becomes repetitive and thereby had increased the length of the policy paper in whole. The reader may find it repetitive when going through the chapter two which is a negative aspect of it. The policy part containing the key issues identified should have included the data from the chapter one to be written together in chapter two and therefore it could have maintained the clarity of the paper in better terms. While analysing chapter two, one can find a detailed evaluation of the different types of diseases and disorders that have intricately associated with different age groups of different regions and has been able to give us an overview of the changes that have occurred over the years. Through detailed study it has been shown that the women who reported that they are suffering from ill health are usually of increased age and those having the fittest health are between the age group of 25 to 34. Then the rate of mortality increases with age and shows that the most vulnerable disease that causes mortality in the highest number is the cardiovascular diseases and blood vessel disorders although the rate of percentage has been seen to fall by a 76%. The policy makers have indeed gone through extensive research and this is evident from the table that they have provided showing the death of women in each and every age and exactly what type of disease affect these individuals in that particular age. The table is very informative and thereby helps to make the readers aware about the disease and the particular age at which the disease is most vulnerable. From the table, reader can get information like women are most prone of cancers and tumours within the age cohort of 45 to 64 years. Not only this by utilising the disability adjusted life year called the DALY, policy makers have also estimated the diseases burden faced by the females and thereby have given a comparative study of males and females which indeed prove that gender based approach towards handling of issues is also very important. Some of the diseases burden that is found to be higher in case of women is dementia, breast cancer as well as asthma which were not that high in men (Coleman. 2014). This chapter also discusses many facts that the research team have found out like about 60% of the Australians have less than adequate knowledge about health knowledge. Only 6 % of the people have been found o have adequat e knowledge required for a healthy living. People belonging to linguistic and culturally diverse background are one of the contributing factors for it. Source: National Women Health Policy, 2010) This chapter has also been seen to develop a detailed idea about why female health is to be concerned in this policy. It has been stated by the researchers on the issue that the next few decades will mainly see the fundamental changes that can be observed in the historic patterns of the fertility, migration and also changes in life expectancy. Modern day medications and improvements and discoveries in the medical fields have helped to increase the life expectancy of the people. The median age of the women was found to be much higher than the men as they are found to be 37.4 years and 35.9 years respectively. Not only the median age, it was also found that the women tend to live for more years than the males that is about 4.8 years more than males. It states that females will make up to an increasing proportion of the old and very old cohorts of the population over time. This increasing population of the female based aging population will have a significant impact on Australian health system. All these data help in deriving the entire scenario of the present day Australia and how it would be shaped so that it can meet the demands of the aging population. This chapter has then clearly discussed the four important issues stated like the occurrence of the chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are said to be the most common among the aging individuals. Women are found to have really less knowledge about the cardiovascular disease. Women are also reported to be increasingly affected by cancer and respiratory diseases in different research article as well. Which is really a serious concern for the government (Yu et al.,2014). Mental health disorders like the anxiety disorders, the following affective disorder and depression have been found to be very high in the cohort study of 16 to 54 years. It is found to decrease with age. Sexual and reproductive health is been found to affect a larger portion of Australian women where Chlamydia is most prevalent. It resulted in pelvic pain, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. They are manly found in the age cohort of 15 to 19 and from 20 to 29 years. Disability along with increasing age is been ris ing as the population of aged women are also increasing in the recent era of rising scientific inventions. Osteoarthritis and migraines are found to have been intricately associated with every aging individual. Dementia is also seen to be affecting most of the aged women above 75 years. Thereby from these areas of discussion one can easily notice that the policy makers have covered and discuss each and every issue in details so that there should be a solution to the problems that are faced by the women of the country. Another interesting factor is that each and every of the age cohorts of the women have been included in the study and each and every disorder of each of the cohort has been discussed in details which had not only helped the readers but also has helped the hospital and similar healthcare sectors to take interventions and planning to overcome them. While evaluating the chapter three, it is seen that the issues noted in chapter two are mainly discussed here through a thorough research of evidence based study and also examination of different current evidences. Role of sex and gender, health impacts of lifespan are very well discussed in along with statistics for morbidity and mortality. Causes of different types of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cancer, diabetes, unhealthy eating and physical activities have been discussed in details along with the life style risk factors that remain associated with the diseases. Mental health and well-being is also talked about that gives us idea about how each patient need to be handled and how these issues can be avoided.. Specific interventions for marginalised women such as rural and remote women, aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women, refugee and migrant women, minority sexual orientation and others are also thoroughly discussed. Sexual and reproductive health and ben efits of contraceptives and safe sex are discussed to show how effectively things can be handled. Not only interventions about expecting mothers and new mothers are given but also correct procedures of following preventive measure and also curative measure for disability during old age, arthritis, musco-skeletal conditions, and dementia have been clearly discussed showing best results. Chapter four mainly discusses about the measures taken from the part of the government like that of the preventive action plan called the Australia: The Healthiest Country by 2020, prevention to diabetes, screening programs like Breast Screen Australia,Collaborative Cancer Research Scheme, National Breast Cancer Foundation/BreastScreen Australia Cohort study, Practice Incentives Program (PIP) Cervical Screening incentive, Asthma Management Program, National Partnership Agreement on Preventive Health (NPAPH) and many others are discussed in details to help the ordinary citizens to know about the initiatives taken by the government. Enabling infrastructure was also clearly demonstrated. Thus, chapter is entirely based on the initiatives done by the government and shows extensively how the government has been trying its best to help women coming out of dangers (Clarke Olesen, 2013). Chapter 5 mainly is shedding light on the various social determinants that have been mainly responsible for the diseases and various mental, emotional and physical complicacies. Sex and gender, life stages along with the accessibility to specific resources including income, education, social connections, safety as well as security and diversity mainly act as the social determinants and various stories have been discussed in details. They have even handled the three categories of young, mid age and old women and considered each of them in details while considering their social barriers. The detailed analysis along with the representation with impressive statistical data shows that a huge research has been gone into the process to bring out such an elaborative outlook (Linquist et al., 2016). Chapter 6 have entirely described the goals that are set by the policy makers and how such goals have been helping more and more women to be aware of the states that they can take to make their problems known to the concerned stakeholders. This is not only helping women from realising their main issues but also ismaking the nation where women not only live happily but also enjoy the best emotional and physical health (Schmied et al., 2013). These chapters are described in such details that finding loopholes in such broad studies and initiate are indeed very difficult and the government should be appreciated for their huge support. Conclusion: From closely analysing each and every chapter one can thereby notice that the policy was the result of an elaborate research and survey (Kitson et al., 2013). This has in turn helped the policy to be enriched with crucial important points that require to be addressed to make the modern women free from the clutches of the burden of diseases (Reily et al., 2013). Another important point that is well accepted is that they have successfully established the fact that women face many diseases and challenges that need to be attended with a gender specific initiative (de Leeuw, Calvier Breton, 2014). Sexual disorders, delivery related difficulties and many other always needed to be successfully handed and policy makers have been successful in doing so. It has also successfully positioned the present condition of the women in old age with statistics that show women tend to live longer than men and therefore medical preparations have to be made that way (Blank Burau, 2013). This policy also establishes different diseases that have harmed the old women for ages and how they can develop their quality life. The policy approaches in a systematic way through chapters at first discussing the background, then the issues faced by women, then how to handle such challenges, then social determinants and following factors. Hence it is a very good policy helping readers to go in a systematic way (Haynes et al., 2015). The only negative aspect found here is the timeframe. Though they have mentioned it to be 20 years but they have not kept a strict timeframe for each of the intervention which might have helped women (Fisher et al., 2016). Moreover, no discussion about monitoring bodies is made creating concern about how well the policy with such good intentions would be executed. References: Anderson, J. E. (2014).Public policymaking. Cengage Learning. Birkland, T. A. (2014).An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts and models of public policy making. Routledge. Blank, R. H., Burau, V. (2013).Comparative health policy. Palgrave Macmillan. Bulmer, M. (2015).The Uses of Social Research (Routledge Revivals): Social Investigation in Public Policy-Making. Routledge. Came, H. (2014). Sites of institutional racism in public health policy making in New Zealand.Social Science Medicine,106, 214-220. Clarke, A. E., Olesen, V. (2013).Revisioning women, health and healing: Feminist, cultural and technoscience perspectives. Routledge. Coleman, M. P. (2014). Cancer survival: global surveillance will stimulate health policy and improve equity.The Lancet,383(9916), 564-573. de Leeuw, E., Clavier, C., Breton, E. (2014). Health policywhy research it and how: health political science.Health Research Policy and Systems,12(1), 55. Dobson, A. J., Hockey, R., Brown, W. J., Byles, J. E., Loxton, D. J., McLaughlin, D. P., ... Mishra, G. D. (2015). Cohort profile update: Australian longitudinal study on womens health.International journal of epidemiology, dyv110. Fafard, P. (2015). Beyond the usual suspects: using political science to enhance public health policy making.Journal of epidemiology and community health, jech-2014. Fisher, M., Baum, F. E., MacDougall, C., Newman, L., McDermott, D. (2016). To what Extent do Australian Health Policy Documents address Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity?.Journal of Social Policy,45(03), 545-564. Garca-Moreno, C., Hegarty, K., d'Oliveira, A. F. L., Koziol-McLain, J., Colombini, M., Feder, G. (2015). The health-systems response to violence against women.The Lancet,385(9977), 1567-1579. Haby, M., Chapman, E., Reveiz, L., Barreto, J., Clark, M. R. (2015). Methodologies for rapid response for evidence-informed decision making in health policy and practice: an overview of systematic reviews and primary studies (Protocol). Hajifathalian, K., Ueda, P., Lu, Y., Woodward, M., Ahmadvand, A., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., ... Farzadfar, F. (2015). A novel risk score to predict cardiovascular disease risk in national populations (Globorisk): a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health examination surveys.The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology,3(5), 339-355. Hansen, E. B., Seybolt, D. C., Sundeen, S. J. (2014). State Mental Health Policy: Building a Successful Public-Academic Partnership to Support State Policy Making.Psychiatric Services,65(6), 710-712. Hawkes, S., Aulakh, B. K., Jadeja, N., Jimenez, M., Buse, K., Anwar, I., ... Whitworth, J. (2016). Strengthening capacity to apply health research evidence in policy making: experience from four countries.Health policy and planning,31(2), 161-170. Haynes, A., Turner, T., Redman, S., Milat, A. J., Moore, G. (2015). Developing definitions for a knowledge exchange intervention in health policy and program agencies: reflections on process and value.International Journal of Social Research Methodology,18(2), 145-159. Kitson, A., Marshall, A., Bassett, K., Zeitz, K. (2013). What are the core elements of patient?centred care? A narrative review and synthesis of the literature from health policy, medicine and nursing.Journal of advanced nursing,69(1), 4-15. Koduah, A., Agyepong, I. A., van Dijk, H. (2016). The one with the purse makes policy: Power, problem definition, framing and maternal health policies and programmes evolution in national level institutionalised policy making processes in Ghana.Social Science Medicine,167, 79-87. Lindquist, A., Noor, N., Sullivan, E., Knight, M. (2016). The Impact of Socioeconomic Position on Severe Maternal Morbidity Outcomes Among Women in Australia: A National Case-control Study.Obstetric Anesthesia Digest,36(3), 132-133. Onega, T., Beaber, E. F., Sprague, B. L., Barlow, W. E., Haas, J. S., Tosteson, A. N., ... Weaver, D. L. (2014). Breast cancer screening in an era of personalized regimens: A conceptual model and National Cancer Institute initiative for risk?based and preference?based approaches at a population level.Cancer,120(19), 2955-2964. Reilly, N., Harris, S., Loxton, D., Chojenta, C., Forder, P., Milgrom, J., Austin, M. P. (2013). Disparities in reported psychosocial assessment across public and private maternity settings: a national survey of women in Australia.BMC public health,13(1), 632. Schmied, V., Johnson, M., Naidoo, N., Austin, M. P., Matthey, S., Kemp, L., ... Yeo, A. (2013). Maternal mental health in Australia and New Zealand: A review of longitudinal studies.Women and Birth,26(3), 167-178. Stenberg, K., Axelson, H., Sheehan, P., Anderson, I., Glmezoglu, A. M., Temmerman, M., ... Sweeny, K. (2014). 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The Economic Problem faced by Iraq Essay Example For Students

The Economic Problem faced by Iraq Essay Yr 12 Economics Essay1) Outline the economic problem faced by IraqThe economic problem of Iraq is how to use what little resources they have to satisfy the countries unlimited wants. Iraq is only just starting to recover from the brutal regime of Saddam Hussein and with the Americans trying to help rebuild the process is coming along steadily. The country is very oil rich but because of previous wars many of the oil refineries are badly damaged or destroyed, this means that they have very little to export. There was a time when the country was farmed but again under the regime of Saddam Hussein to much emphasis was put on oil production on no money was put into the agricultural sector, thus the industry went broke. This had led to a decrease in exports from agriculture but it has also meant that Iraq has had to import food that it would normally produce in its own backyard. This may not seem a bit issue but over a decade it will end up costing the country millions. The economic probl em within Iraq is the same for all countries, how to use their limited resources to satisfy their unlimited wants. In their case though they have to rebuild the whole country with their resources and try and get the country to achieve a surplus budget. We will write a custom essay on The Economic Problem faced by Iraq specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 2) Explain what type of economic system would best suit Iraq and how Iraq would decide the What, How and For Whom decisions faced by all societies. Iraq needs a new economic system after the U.S.A overthrew the Saddam Hussein dictatorship. It is obvious that they will need a mixed economy as is outlined below. This will help them to eventually get back on their own two feet, without relying on other countries for foreign debt. A traditional economic system is one in which individuals produce goods and services for the peoples own use and not for exchange. Customs and age old traditions play an important role in the way people cater for their needs. Iraq would need some sort of traditional economy to produce agricultural goods which once upon a time made up a significant part of the Iraq exports along with oil. In a market economy decisions are made according to the market forces rather than tradition. Households and firms made spending decisions according to their own private wants. The What to Produce is decided by the interaction in the market place of consumers, business and government. With the power of What to Produce belonging to the people it gives them greater flexibility in what is created. Consumers make most What? decisions through casting dollar votes in the market. How to Produce is mainly decided by the managers of businesses who choose a combination of resources which is most efficient and cost effective. They produce at the lowest cost so as to receive the greatest profit. For Whom to Produce is determined by peoples ability to pay. Those with the highest incomes receive the greatest access to what is produced. A Market economy would help Iraq because the people get to choose what is produced by casting dollar votes. It will also give them the ability to change products if necessary. The market price would be determined by supply and demand rather than on what the government say. Also most resources are privately owned and therefore the profits belong to the people and will not go the government. This will benefit the rest of the community because the money will stay within the community when it is spent and provide others with an income. .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .postImageUrl , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:hover , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:visited , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:active { border:0!important; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:active , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: DBQ: Reforming Movements affect on the Democracy o EssayA planned economy is one where the basic economic decisions are made by government on behalf of the people and resources are owned in common, by the people and allocated by the government. The most important belief in the ideology of a command economy is that everyone should have equal access to the economys production of goods and services. This means that every citizen should receive the same wage. Decisions about What to Produce are made by a central bureau that sets plans for the production pf capital and consumer goods. Individuals have little influence over what is produced. Decisions about How to Produce are al so made by a central bureau. Productive resources are socially owned and controlled by the state. Methods of production are determined on the basis of what is socially desirable. The central bureau will choose the method that is best for the people and not necessarily the cheapest to produce. This might mean instead of using machinery to make a dam they will use human labour. This will benefit the community because a lot more people are employed, and more money is in the community. This would help Iraq because the people are going to be able to find jobs easily, and money will be available to anyone who is willing to work, this way more people will have a decent quality of life. For Whom to Produce decisions are based on the social good of the community. There is greater equality of income distribution. The State determines incomes and prices. Allocation of resources is largely dictated by a central authority. This system provides few material incentives. Moral and social incentives play a larger role, such as worker of the month awards. This type of economy would be a great advantage to Iraq because the people would have all their needs in terms of food and clothing met by a central bureau. This would create an equal society with only a small gap between the rich and poor. The best sort of economy for the country of Iraq would be a mixed economy. Utilizing the most effective parts of all the different kind of economies Iraq would have a very sound system operating in their country. Mixed Economy of IraqSHAPE * MERGEFORMAT PlannedMarketTraditionalThis would be the place to operate for the people of Iraq. Here they have the freedom to produce a lot of items that they want, with little interference with the government. On the other hand the government has enough power to keep a firm eye on what is happening and also produce what it believes to be in the best interest of Iraq. Finally there is the traditional, which does not make up a very large part of the economy but is very important none-the-less. This will be used to sustain the country and give it something to build on in the future. As you can see you from the diagram above, a mixed economy if the only option for Iraq is they want to successfully rebuild their country.